Student Assignments for CL-1919-06_053327 Part 1 — DMM Ohm’s Law and DC Circuits Trainer CL-1919-06-95_Part1-DMM_V2023-3 © ConsuLab Educatech Inc, 2023. Tous droits réservés. CL-1919-06-95 Table of Contents 400-6330 Zéphirin-Paquet St. Québec QC G2C 0M3 Canada consulab.com info@consulab.com Toll-free: +1 (800) 567-0791 USA: +1 (810) 222-4525 Canada: +1 (418) 688-9067 Fax: +1 (418) 843-3444 2 Table of Contents Trainer Layout and Familiarization 3 Front Panel Component Identification 4 Electrical Component Identification 5 Electrical Accessories 6 Trainer Use and Operation 7 Warnings and Cautions 8 Student Learning Modules 9 MODULE 1 Understanding the Digital Multimeter Setup, Use & Interpretation 11 DMM Batteries and Fuse Replacement 16 SA-1 — Measuring Resistance 17 SA-1 — Measuring Resistance - Student Answer Sheet 20 SA-2 — Measuring DC Voltage 22 SA-2 — Measuring DC Voltage - Student Answer Sheet 25 SA-3 — Measuring DC Current 26 SA-3 — Measuring DC Current - Student Answer Sheet 30 3 CL-1919-06-95 Introduction consulab.com info@consulab.com Trainer Layout and Familiarization The CL-1919-06_053052 Ohm’s Law and DC Circuits Trainer contains electrical and electronic components mounted on a panel containing electrical connection receptacles where students complete the wiring of circuits. The trainer is designed to provide learning assistance in the understanding of basic Ohm’s Law concepts and also provides learning activities for student learning of basic circuit components and operation. A built-in 120VAC to 14VDC (4 A max) power supply is internally protected and is adjustable from 2-14 VDC. The front panel contains a digital display indicating the DC voltage supply available to the trainer. The CL-1919-06_053052 trainer meets CSA/UL safety requirements. The CL-1919-06 also contains a surface mounted digital multi-meter (DMM) that is powered with two AAA replaceable batteries. NOTE : Because the trainer’s power supply output is limited to 4 A, the meter’s internal 10A ammeter fuse should never need replacement. The meter is used throughout the student activities and circuit construction for electrical measure- ments and diagnostic training. CL-1919-06 Ohm’s Law and DC Circuits Trainer CL-1919-06-95 Introduction consulab.com info@consulab.com 4 Front Panel Component Identification Front View 1. Trainer power cord receptacle, master ON/OFF switch and main fuse holder. 2. Positive (red) receptacles for circuit construction. These receptacles are only to be used with the trainer and not to be connected to any external devices as damage could result. 3. Negative (black) receptacles for circuit construction. These receptacles are only to be used with the trainer and not to be connected to any external devices as damage could result. 4. Digital Display for available trainer voltage (Displays the DC voltage that has been set by the voltage adjustment knob). 5. Power supply voltage adjustment knob (Adjusts the available DC voltage from 2-14 ± VDC). 6. Power supply safety reset button (Resets the internal protection cut-out. Push and hold until the O.L. light flashes, then release. The voltage display will read 0.000 when the O.L. lamp is on.). 7. Power supply “OVERLIMIT” indicator light (If a short circuit is created between the Positive & Negative sides of the trainer, the internal protection cut-out will trip and turn on the O.L. indicator light. It will remain on until the problem has been corrected and the RESET button is pushed). 8. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) generator positive and negative receptacles. 9. PWM Adjustment knob (0-100% duty cycle). 10. Digital Multi-meter. Side View 1 3 2 47 6 5 9 8 10 CL-1919-06-95 Introduction consulab.com info@consulab.com 5 Electrical Component Identification 11. L1 – # 194 Bulb. 12. L2 – # 194 Bulb. 13. D1 – LED Bulb. 14. B1 – BUZZER. 15. T1 – NPN Transistor. 16. T2 – PNP Transistor. 17. D2 – Diode. 18. L3 – # 3157 LED Bulb. 19. M1 – DC Motor. 20. RL1 – ISO 5-pin Relay. 21. Electronic Flasher. 22. POT – 75Ω Potentiometer. 23. R1 – 100Ω Resistor. 24. R2 – 40Ω Resistor. 25. R3 – 20Ω Resistor. 26. R4 – 20Ω Resistor. 27. R5 – 2Ω Resistor. 28. F1 – Optional Circuit Fuse (ATC 2-3A). 29. SW1 – SPST Toggle Switch. 30. PB1 – N.O. Push Button Switch. Front View 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 CL-1919-06-95 Introduction consulab.com info@consulab.com 6 Electrical Accessories Main Fuse CL-1919-05 POWER SUPPLY FUSE SPECIFICATIONS – 239002P 2A, 250V, 239 Series, Slo-Blow Fuse (8mm x 20mm) TRAINERS MAIN FUSE LOCATION PULL TAB AWAY UNTIL FUSE HOLDER POPS OUT CLOSE UP OF MAIN FUSE HOLDER CLOSE UP OF MAIN FUSE HOLDER SPARE FUSE FUSE IN CIRCUIT CL-1919-05 POWER SUPPLY FUSE SPECIFICATIONS – 239002P 2A, 250V, 239 Series, Slo-Blow Fuse (8mm x 20mm) TRAINERS MAIN FUSE LOCATION PULL TAB AWAY UNTIL FUSE HOLDER POPS OUT CLOSE UP OF MAIN FUSE HOLDER CLOSE UP OF MAIN FUSE HOLDER SPARE FUSE FUSE IN CIRCUIT CL-1919-05 POWER SUPPLY FUSE SPECIFICATIONS – 239002P 2A, 250V, 239 Series, Slo-Blow Fuse (8mm x 20mm) TRAINERS MAIN FUSE LOCATION PULL TAB AWAY UNTIL FUSE HOLDER POPS OUT CLOSE UP OF MAIN FUSE HOLDER CLOSE UP OF MAIN FUSE HOLDER SPARE FUSE FUSE IN CIRCUIT Storage Bag Storage Bag Jumper Leads All CL-1919-06’s will be shipped with banana plug jumper leads including: • 10 Red Jumper Leads — 23” (60cm) long • 10 Black Jumper Leads — 23” (60cm) long Your product may be equipped with either of the below jumper wire styles. They are identical in specifications and performance. CL-1919-06-95 Introduction consulab.com info@consulab.com 7 Trainer Use and Operation The CL-1919-06-93 manual is designed to provide instructors and students with the necessary information for the prop- er and safe operation of the trainer. Note that the CL-1919-06 trainer includes student assignments (CL-1919-06-95 ) and an instructors manual (CL-1919-06-96). Be sure to read, understand and follow the instructions for each section. The CL-1919-06 is designed to be used as a “stand alone” resource to aid the instructor and students in the learning of basic electricity, Ohm’s Law, DMM meter use, basic electrical and electronic component operation, basic operational circuit construction and diagnosis and troubleshooting of circuit problems. NOTE: Before proceeding with this manual, the following tasks should have already been successfully performed and understood: 1. Familiarization with the CL-1919-06 component layout and identification (pages 5-8). 2. The CL-1919-06 should be set up on a bench/tabletop with the cover removed, the power cord plugged into the trainer and a 120VAC outlet and the master ON/OFF switch turned “on”. NOTE- The cover lid of the trainer can be placed on a table, then move the trainer on top of the cover. This po- sitions the trainer with a slight tilt providing an easier access for users. If properly completed, the digital display should be indicating the available DC voltage. For normal operation, and unless otherwise directed, the display should be adjusted to a reading of 14.0 - 14.6 ± volts. Rating Specifications: • Voltage: 100-240 VAC, single phase • Frequency: 50/60 Hz • Input Current: 2.2 A @120 VAC, 1.2 A @ 230VAC • Output current : 2-14 VDC, 4 A max. • Indoor use only • Temperature: 10 ºC – 30 ºC (50 ºF – 86 ºF) • Humidity (non-condensing): 90 % max. • Altitude : 2,000 m (6,562 ft) • Pollution Degree 2 • Overvoltage Category II Students conducting the circuit learning assignments should have completed the following Learning Modules which contain the prerequiste skills and knowledges: • Understanding basic digital multi-meter setup, use & interpretation (Student Learning Module #1). • Basic electricity (Student Learning Module #2). • Ohm’s Law (Student Learning Module #3). • Component explanation (Student Learning Module #4) • Ability to read and follow written instructions. • Ability to read and interpret basic electrical wiring schematics. CL-1919-06-95 Introduction consulab.com info@consulab.com 8 Warnings and Cautions Even though the power supply is internally protected against short-circuits and wiring errors, students should carefully read, understand and follow all activity instructions to avoid errors. NOTE- If the digital display shows “0.000” volts and the O.L. lamp is “on”, an overcurrent situation has been detected. To re-set the system, find and correct the wiring error, then push and hold the RESET button until the O.L. lamp flashes, then release. If the reset procedure was successfully completed, the display should read available voltage: 1. The 2-3A ATC blade type fuse on the trainer is for optional use by instructors and students as needed. Circuits can be connected with the fuse if desired. Remember that the trainer is internally protected to trip the over-current protection if current exceeds 4 A. 2. Access to fuse compartment and any other components inside of unit to be performed only by trained skilled per- sonnel. 3. L1 and L2 bulbs are made of glass and could break if impacted hard enough, therefore potentially creating a cutting hazard. 4. Do not connect any external device to be powered by the trainer as they may exceed the designed limits of the power supply and components. 5. Be sure to read, understand and follow each set of instructions. Be sure to ask your instructor if you have any ques- tions about any instruction or component. 6. Never “guess” about the results of a circuit. Always follow written instructions to avoid “guesswork”. 7. This product is intended for use in educational establishments by STUDENT OPERATORS at least 14 years of age and under the supervision of theRESPONSIBLE PERSON. CL-1919-06-95 Introduction consulab.com info@consulab.com 9 CL-1919-06-95 Introduction consulab.com info@consulab.com Student Learning Modules The CL-1919-06 manuals contain Student Learning Modules designed to provide information and resources to assist stu- dents in mastering various skills and knowledges covered with this trainer. Each module comes with educational support information, student activity assignments, student answer sheets, instructor keys and assessment tests. Instructors can use them as they see fit for their programs. Student answer sheets, schematics and assignments can be duplicated and distributed within the schools programs only. PDF fillable answer sheets are also available. Duplication of documents used for outside sources is prohibited. Assignment and test answer sheets can be filed in student files for record keeping of progress. It is recommended that instructors follow the chronological order of the assignments. However, each mod- ule can be presented on its own if desired. The CL-1919-06 Learning Modules 1. UNDERSTANDING THE DIGITAL MULTIMETER — SETUP, USE & INTERPRETATION 2. BASIC ELECTRICITY 3. OHM’S LAW 4. COMPONENT EXPLANATION 5. STUDENT EXPERIMENTS 6. ADVANCED STUDENT CIRCUIT ASSIGNMENTS 10 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — Understanding the DMM consulab.com info@consulab.com MODULE 1 Understanding the Digital Multimeter 11 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — Understanding the DMM consulab.com info@consulab.com Setup, Use & Interpretation Fluke Model 107 Digital Multimeter In order to accurately diagnose electrical circuits and components, it is essential that technicians be able to understand how to properly setup, use and interpret digital multimeter readings. Digital multimeters are one of the most common- ly used tools by technicians working in the electrical field. This instructional unit is designed to provide students with sufficient basic information that if successfully understood, will allow them to properly set up, make measurements and interpret meter readings. Most technician’s today use “digital” multimeters. Digital means that the meter displays the measured values in “digital” form. Most digital meters have 3 ½ or 4 ½ digits of display. This means that the meter has three or four locations on the display that can display from 0-9. The ½ digit means that the display can be only a single digit display (usually 0-9 depending on the meter). Digital meters have some advantages over other types. Digital meters usually are not polarity sensitive when making measurements with the positive and negative test leads. If the test leads are installed “backwards” (reverse polarity) in the circuit being tested, the digital meter will display a minus sign (-) in front of the meter reading. No damage will occur to the meter. Analog meters can sometimes be used in electrical testing. An “analog” meter has a display face that contains a needle that moves back and forth on the face. Analog meters are polarity sensitive and if the meter test leads are installed “backwards” (reverse polarity), damage to the meter’s needle and internal circuitry can occur. There are some applications in electrical testing where analog meters may be used. A digital multimeter is a very versatile tool with many features that can go beyond basic measurement of volts (electrical pressure), amps (electrical flow), and ohms (electrical resistance). Such things as : Duty Cycle, Frequen- cy, Capacitance, Temperature, Pulse Width, Diode Testing and others can be tested with some digital multimeters. For the purposes of the CL-1919-06, this instruction will be limited to the measurement of volts, amps and resistance. © Reproduced with Permission, Fluke Corporation 12 Terminals 106/107 Users Manual 8 Instrument Overview Terminals hhc01.jpg Item Description Input terminal for ac and dc current measurements to 10 A and current frequency (107 only) measurements. Common (return) terminal for all measurements. Input terminal for voltage, resistance, continuity, diode (107 only), capacitance, and frequency (107 only) measurements. # DESCRIPTION 1 Input terminal for AC and DC current measurements to 10 A and current frequency measurements. 2 Common (return) terminal for all measurements. 3 Input terminal for voltage, current, continuity, diode, capacitance and frequency measurements. NOTE : This meter is able to measure DUTY CYCLE and FREQUENCY on AC circuits only. Do not attempt to measure these values on DC circuits. Display Digital Multimeters Instrument Overview 9 Display Figure 1 and Table 2 show the items on the Product display. hhc02.jpg Figure 1. Display# DESCRIPTION # DESCRIPTION 1 High Voltage 8 Frequency is selected 2 Display Hold is enabled 9 Farads 3 Continuity selected 10 Millivolts 4 Diode Test is selected 11 Amps or Volts 5 Duty Cycle is selected 12 DC or AC Voltage or Current 6 Decimal prefix 13 Auto Range mode is enabled 7 Ohms is selected 14 Low Battery - Replace Battery CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — Understanding the DMM consulab.com info@consulab.com © Reproduced with Permission, Fluke Corporation 13 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — Understanding the DMM consulab.com info@consulab.com Auto power off The DMM automatically powers off after 20 minutes of inactivity. A tone will be heard at the end of 20 minutes indicat- ing the meter will soon shut off. To restart the DMM, turn the rotary switch back to the OFF position and then to a necessary position. To disable the Auto Power Off function, hold down the YELLOW button when turning on the DMM until Poff shows on the display. Auto backlight off The DMM backlight automatically turns off after 2 minutes of inactivity. To disable the Auto Backlight Off function, hold down Digital Multimeters Auto Backlight Off 11 Auto Backlight Off The backlight automatically turns off after 2 minutes of inactivity. To disable the Auto Backlight Off function, hold down when turning on the Product, until LoFF shows on the display. Note To disable both the Auto Power Off function and the Auto Backlight Off function, hold down the YELLOW button and at the same time, until both PoFF and LoFF show on the display. Measurements Data Hold Warning To prevent possible electrical shock, fire or personal injury, do not use the HOLD function to measure unknown potentials. When HOLD is turned on, the display does not change when a different potential is measured. To hold the present reading, push . Push again to continue normal operation. when turning on the DMM until Loff shows on the display. Note : To disable both Auto Power Off and Auto Backlight Off functions, hold down the YELLOW button and Digital Multimeters Auto Backlight Off 11 Auto Backlight Off The backlight automatically turns off after 2 minutes of inactivity. To disable the Auto Backlight Off function, hold down when turning on the Product, until LoFF shows on the display. Note To disable both the Auto Power Off function and the Auto Backlight Off function, hold down the YELLOW button and at the same time, until both PoFF and LoFF show on the display. Measurements Data Hold Warning To prevent possible electrical shock, fire or personal injury, do not use the HOLD function to measure unknown potentials. When HOLD is turned on, the display does not change when a different potential is measured. To hold the present reading, push . Push again to continue normal operation. at the same time until Poff and Loff show on the display. Measurements Data Hold WARNING To prevent possible electrical shock, fire or personal injury, do not use the HOLD function to measure unknown poten- tials. When HOLD is turned on, the display does not change when a different potential is measured. WARNING - Do not use this meter for any other application other than the CL-1919-06. To hold the present reading, pusv HOLD . Push it again to continue normal operation. Measure AC and DC Voltage To measure AC and DC voltage : 1. Choose AC or DC by turning the rotary switch to or . NOTE : Select the AC millivolts position ONLY ( Digital Multimeters Measurements 13 hhc03.jpg Figure 2. Measure AC and DC Voltage ) when measuring AC millivolts. Do not use for DC millivolts 2. Connect the RED test lead to the 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. terminal and the BLACK test lead to the COM terminal. 3. Measure the voltage by touching the probes to the correct test points of the circuit. 4. Read the measured voltage on the display. Digital Multimeters Measurements 13 hhc03.jpg Figure 2. Measure AC and DC Voltage © Reproduced with Permission, Fluke Corporation 14 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — Understanding the DMM consulab.com info@consulab.com Measure AC and DC Current WARNING To prevent possible electrical shock, fire or personal injury, remove circuit power before you connect the DMM in the circuit when you measure current. Connect the instrument in series with the circuit. To measure AC and DC current : 1. Turn the rotary switch to 106/107 Users Manual 14 Measure AC or DC Current Warning To prevent possible electrical shock, fire, or personal injury, remove circuit power before you connect the Product in the circuit when you measure current. Connect the Product in series with the circuit. 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button to toggle between ac or dc current measurement. 3. Connect the red test lead to the A terminal to be measured and connect the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Break the circuit path to be measured. 5. Connect the test leads across the break and apply power. 6. Read the measured current on the display. . 2. Push the YELLOW button to toggle between AC or DC current measurement. 3. Connect the RED test lead to the A terminal and the BLACK test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Break the circuit path to be measured. 5. Connect the test leads across the break and apply power. 6. Read the measured current on the display.Digital Multimeters Measurements 15 hhc04.jpg Figure 3. Measure AC and DC Current Measure Resistance 1. Turn the rotary switch to 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. . Make sure power is disconnected from the circuit to be measured. 2. Connect the RED test lead to the 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. terminal and the BLACK test lead to the COM terminal. 3. Measure the resistance by touching the probes to the desired test points of the circuit. 4. Read the measured current on the display. Test for Continuity With the resistance mode selected, push the YELLOW button once to activate the continuity mode. If the resistance is less than 70 Ω, the beeper sounds continuously when you have a connection, designating a short circuit. If the DMM reads OL, the circuit is open.Digital Multimeters Measurements 17 hhc05.jpg Figure 4. Measure Resistance/Continuity © Reproduced with Permission, Fluke Corporation 15 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — Understanding the DMM consulab.com info@consulab.com Test Diodes 1. Turn the rotary switch to 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. . 2. Push the YELLOW button to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the RED test lead to the 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. terminal and the BLACK test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the RED probe to the anode and the BLACK test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows OL. This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. Measure Capacitance 1. Turn the rotary switch to 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. . 2. Connect the RED test lead to the 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. terminal and the BLACK test lead to the COM terminal. 3. Touch the probes to the capacitor leads. 4. Let the reading stabilize (up to 18 seconds). 5. Read the capacitance value on the display. Measure Frequency and Duty Cycle NOTE : This meter is able to measure DUTY CYCLE and FREQUENCY on AC circuits only. Do not attempt to measure these values on DC circuits. © Reproduced with Permission, Fluke Corporation 16 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — Understanding the DMM consulab.com info@consulab.com DMM Batteries and Fuse Replacement Digital Multimeters Maintenance 23 hhc07.jpg Figure 5. Replace Batteries and the Fuse BATTERY TYPE 2 x AAA, NEDA 24A, IEC LR03 DMM11 Fluke Fuse 11 A, 1000 V, IR 17 kA 5 4 3 21 © Reproduced with Permission, Fluke Corporation 17 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — SA-1 consulab.com info@consulab.com SA-1 — Measuring Resistance Ω —The Greek omega symbol represents ohms or the measurement of resistance. Use this function when measuring resistors or the resistance of an electrical component. The abbreviation of “k” indicates that the scale is for “kilo-ohms”. There are 1,000 ohms in one kilo-ohm. This would be written as 1 kΩ. The abbreviation of “M” indicates that the scale is for “mega-ohms”. There are 1,000,000 ohms in one mega-ohm. This would be written as 1 MΩ. The electrical symbol used on analog (needle type) meters that indicates electrical infinity or that there is too much resistance to measure is ∞. Digital meters cannot display this symbol and instead will display either an OL, O.L or 1. In addition, some meters will cause the display to “flash” on and off. The important factor to remember about measuring resistance is that the circuit or component being measured for resistance MUST BE ELECTRICALLY DEAD or turned off. A typical ohmmeter outputs a very small voltage into the component being tested and measures the voltage drop across the component and then converts that reading internally into an ohm equivalent value which is shown on the meters readout display. Therefore, never hook up an ohmmeter to a live circuit or meter damage can occur. To measure resistance with the meter, place the RED meter test lead in the 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. socket and the BLACK meter lead in the COM socket. Resistance The Fluke 107 digital meter is an “auto ranging” meter. There are six resistance scales on this meter and the meter will automatically select the correct one based on the value of the resistance being measured. In order to understand what scale the meter has chosen, you must observe the meter’s readout screen to know what scale has been chosen. The six possibilities are : 400Ω, 4.000kΩ, 40.00kΩ, 400.0kΩ, 4.000MΩ & 40.00MΩ. The scale information will be seen in the upper right corner of the meter display screen. Below is a chart that identifies the different scales and what different resistances measured would display on the meters display screen. METER CHOSEN SCALE READING WITH NO RESISTANCE MAXIMUM RESISTANCE THAT CAN BE MEASURED SAMPLE RESISTANCE MEASURED METER READOUT & SCALE DISPLAYED 400Ω 0.L MΩ 400 Ω 54 ½ ohms 54.5 Ω 400Ω 0.L MΩ 400 Ω 9.5 ohms 9.5 Ω 4.000kΩ 0.L MΩ 4,000 kΩ 1,492 ohms 1.492 kΩ 4.000kΩ 0.L MΩ 4,000 kΩ 2,200 ohms 2.200 kΩ 40.00kΩ 0.L MΩ 40,000 kΩ 21,640 ohms 21.64 kΩ 40.00kΩ 0.L MΩ 40,000 kΩ 47,000 ohms * 47.0 kΩ 400.0kΩ 0.L MΩ 400,000 kΩ 43,200 ohms 43.2 kΩ 400.0kΩ 0.L MΩ 400,000 kΩ 239,722 ohms 239.7 kΩ 4.000MΩ 0.L MΩ 4,000,000 Ω 472,345 ohms 0.472 MΩ 4.000MΩ 0.L MΩ 4,000,000 Ω 4,340,267 ohms 4.35 MΩ 40.00MΩ 0.L MΩ 40,000,000 Ω 2,190,783 ohms 2.192 MΩ 40.00MΩ 0.L MΩ 40,000,000 Ω 10,520,973 ohms 10.52 MΩ * NOTE : DELIBERATELY USED AN OVER RANGE RESISTOR 18 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — SA-1 consulab.com info@consulab.com SA-1 — Procedure Be sure to carefully follow all instructions and always ask your instructor if you have any questions. Use the SA-1 student answer sheet to record all of your measurements and question answers. 1. Properly setup the CL-1919-06 for use. Plug power cord into a 120VAC receptacle and turn on the master power switch. Confirm that the display reads around 14.00 volts. 2. Place the meter test leads into the appropriate sockets. RED into the 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. socket and the BLACK into the COM socket. 3. Obtain and fill out the student answer sheet for SA-1 MEASURING RESISTANCE as you make each measurement. 4. Place the meter function switch to the 106/107 Users Manual 18 Test Diodes (107 Only) 1. Turn the rotary switch to . 2. Push the YELLOW button twice to activate the diode test mode. 3. Connect the red test lead to the terminal and the black test lead to the COM terminal. 4. Connect the red probe to the anode and the black test lead to the cathode of the diode being tested. 5. Read the forward bias voltage value on the display. 6. If the polarity of the test leads is reversed with diode polarity, the display reading shows . This can be used to distinguish the anode and cathode sides of a diode. position. 5. Measure the resistance of R5 on the panel. Record your reading on the student answer sheet. 6. Measure the resistances of R4, R3, R2, and R1 and record your readings on the answer sheet. In the following steps you will be measuring various components on the trainer. Record all your measurements on the answer sheet. 7. L1. 8. L2. 9. DC Motor 10. Terminals #85 to #86 of relay RL1. 11. Terminals G to I of the POT NOTE : Potentiometer resistances are very sensitive to measurements due to how they are constructed. Lightly wig- gle the knob if necessary to get a consistent reading. 12. Terminals I to H of POT with knob turned fully clockwise (CW). 13. Terminals I to H of POT with knob turned fully counter-clockwise (CCW). 14. Explain why the resistance of the POT terminals changed as you turned the knob. You are now going to measure the resistance of the two switches available on the CL-1919-06. Ohmmeters can also be used to measure “continuity” (whether the circuit is “continuous”, “open” or have resistance). When normally testing switches, if the component is functioning normally, its resistance when the switch is turned on should be very close to “0” or no resistance. When the switch is turned off, there should be an infinite amount of resistance or is “open”. Follow the below instructions. 15. Measure the resistance of SW1 with the switch positioned in the “O” position. 16. Measure the resistance of SW1 with the switch positioned in the “I” position. 17. Explain the readings of steps #15 and #16 in the space provided on the answer sheet. 18. Measure the resistance of PB1 switch without pushing in the button. 19. Measure the resistance of PB1 switch while pushing the button down. 19 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — SA-1 consulab.com info@consulab.com You will now be instructed to measure various components on the trainer. Be sure to carefully read the instructions and make sure you are properly installing the ohmmeter test leads. Follow the below instructions : 20. BLACK meter lead to terminal B of T2 transistor and RED meter lead to terminal E of T2 transistor. 21. RED meter lead to terminal B of T1 transistor and BLACK meter lead to terminal E of T1 transistor. 22. BLACK meter lead to terminal C of T1 transistor and RED meter lead to terminal E of T1 transistor. 23. RED meter lead to RED PWM receptacle of the PWM generator and BLACK meter lead to BLACK receptacle of the PWM generator. 24. Make sure you have filled in ALL of the answer sheet blanks, then turn in your answer sheet to your instructor for grading and credit. Ask your instructor for Test 1 and answer sheet, before going on to the next assignment. 20 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — SA-1 consulab.com info@consulab.com SA-1 — Measuring Resistance - Student Answer Sheet Name : Group : Date : 5. R5 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 6. R3 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : R2 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : R1 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 7. L1 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 8. L2 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 9. DC Motor = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 10. Relay terminals #85 & #86 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 11. Terminal G to I of POT= Scale displayed : Expressed as : 12. Terminals I to H of POT with knob turned fully clockwise = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 13. Terminals I to H of POT with knob turned fully counter-clockwise = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 14. 15. SW1 in the “O” position = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 16. SW1 in the “I” position = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 17. 18. PB1 in the “O” position = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 19. PB1 in the “I” position = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 21 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — SA-1 consulab.com info@consulab.com 20. Term B (BLK lead) to term E (RED lead) of trans T2 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 21. Term B (RED lead) to term E (BLK lead) of trans T1 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 22. Term C (BLK) lead to term E (RED lead) of trans T1 = Scale displayed : Expressed as : 23. RED meter lead to RED PWM receptacle and BLK meter lead to BLK PWM receptacle = Scale displayed : Expressed as : Instructor grade : Comments : 22 CL-1919-06-95 Module 1 — SA-2 consulab.com info@consulab.com SA-2 — Measuring DC Voltage Technicians are often required to accurately measure DC voltages on various circuits and components. Understanding how to use a voltmeter is an essential skill that must be mastered by students and technicians. Voltmeters are common- ly made as part of a digital or analog multimeter. Analog meters are not very common in today’s environments, but can still be found in certain applications. This unit will primarily cover the digital voltmeter. As with the digital ohmmeter, a solid understanding of the displayed voltage scales is necessary in order to obtain an accurate reading. Digital voltmeters use various scales measuring voltages from very small levels up to higher levels. Common vehicle re- pairs deal with voltages from 0-50 VDC. Most digital voltmeters can measure both AC and DC voltages and it is import- ant that you properly adjust the voltmeter to measure the desired voltages for your application. Digital multimeters use a master function switch that selects the desired function of the meter. There may be positions for VDC and VAC and it is important that the correct position is selected. Voltages can only be measured when the circuit is “on” or “live”. With electric vehicles (EV) becoming more common, it is CRITICAL that technicians understand that there are voltmeters specifically designed to safely measure the higher voltages on EV vehicles. Serious shock hazards and injury can result from improper understanding of service proce- dures on EV vehicles. Digital multimeters are now classified by the level of voltage it can safely measure. A system of “CATEGORIES” is used. Common categories are CAT-I, CAT-II, CAT-III and CAT-IV. Each category has a MAXIMUM voltage and current the meter AND meter leads can safely measure. The meter and meter leads will have the Category printed or molded on the device. The Fluke 107 multimeter on the CL-1919-06 is a CAT-III meter, but because we do not use the meter leads that originally came with the meter, it should NEVER be used for measuring voltages above 20 V ! Use the this meter ONLY with the CL-1919-06 trainer. Most digital and analog voltmeters can accurately read both volts and millivolts. There are 1,000 millivolts in one volt. In digital form, a millivolt is written as 0.001 V. Ten millivolts is written as 0.010 V and one hundred millivolts is written as 0.100 V. One volt expressed in millivolts would be 1.000V. Verbally, 0.100V would be expressed as “one hundred millivolts or one-tenth of a volt”. It is extremely important to know how to accurately read, write and express voltage readings. The Fluke 107 multimeter uses three voltage function choices. They are displayed as 106/107 Users Manual 28 Accuracy Specifications Accuracy is specified for 1 year after calibration, at operating temperatures of 18 °C to 28 °C, relative humidity at 0 % to 75 %. Accuracy specifications take the form of: ±([% of Reading] + [Number of Least Significant Digits]). Function Range Resolution Accuracy 106 107 AC Volts (40 Hz to 500 Hz) [1] 6.000 V 60.00 V 600.0 V 0.001 V 0.01 V 0.1 V 1.0 % + 3 1.0 % + 3 DC Volts 6.000 V 60.00 V 600.0 V 0.001 V 0.01 V 0.1 V 0.5 % + 3 0.5 % + 3 AC Millivolts 600.0 mV 0.1 mV 3.0 % + 3 3.0 % + 3 Diode Test [2] 2.000 V 0.001 V N/A 10 % [1] All AC, Hz, and duty cycle are specified from 1 % to 100 % of range. Inputs below 1 % of range are not specified. [2] Typically, open circuit test voltage is 2.0 V and short circuit current is